Inheritance and Genes Controlling Bentazone Tolerance in Crops

Several studies have reported different responses to Bentazone in crops, such as rice , maize , potato, sweet potato and pumpkin, cowpea [45], red bean [46], lentil and pepper, peanut, clover, and blueberry .

In previous studies, the cytochrome P450 family has been identified to detoxify Bentazone in various plants . In rice, a Bel-encoded cytochrome P450 mono-oxygenase, CYP81A6, mediated resistance to bentazone. The loss of Bentazone resistance in rice resulted from a single base-pair deletion of CYP81A6 . Additionally, Fang et al. [53] reported that a 519-kD transcription factor-like protein (B9FDA1) containing two histidine kinase-like ATPase domains and a zinc-finger type C3HC4 RING domain can serve as a transcription factor for the expression of Bentazone tolerance genes in rice.

In soybean, the gene expression pattern of certain cytochrome P450 homologs, such as CYP94A1, CYP82A2, CYP71D8, and CYP81E8, occurred when plants were treated with Bentazone. Bernard and Wax reported that the inheritance of Bentazone sensitivity in soybean was controlled by a single recessive gene. A single recessive gene (bnz-1) was mapped to chromosome 16 for bentazone sensitivity of soybean, where a single base-pair deletion in the coding region of GYP81E22 (Glyma.16G149300) at +1465 bp downstream from the translation start codon led to a premature stop codon and loss of function of cytochrome P450 hydroxylase [55]. Several compounds inhibit both soybean aryl hydroxylation and cytochrome P450 reactions, provided by in vivo evidence of Bentazone metabolism facilitated by cytochrome P450. For GTs, Leah et al. isolated and purified two enzymes from bentazone-tolerant soybean to produce the glycosylated 6- or 8-hydroxybentazone.

POST application of bentazone reported initially the susceptibility of various in-breeds in the study of inheritance of single crosses of corn, which may be attributed to a single recessive gene, named ben [42]. Several studies supported that the ben locus may be responsible for Bentazone sensitivity by cytochrome P450 monooxygenase in white-kernel inbred [56] and sweet corn. In addition, another study of an in vitro assay with corn reported that bentazone aryl hydroxylation of maize microsomes is catalyzed by cytochrome P450 mono-oxygenase.

Bentazone tolerance of Capsicum annuum was also controlled by a single dominant gene. A dominant Bzt gene responsible for bentazone tolerance in pepper cultivar “Santaka” may be the same gene or may be closely linked to the Bzt locus that confirms Bentazone tolerance in “Bohemian Chili” .

New technologies involved in genetically modifying herbicide-resistant cultivars help in managing alternatives to glyphosate. Several of them that are still being tested may be available for release on short notice. Bentazone-resistant species of cotton, tobacco, and Arabidopsis  were developed through genetic transformation of the bentazon-resistant gene (Cyp81A6) from rice. Additionally, rat CYP1A1 was transformed for potato bentazone-resistant cultivars.

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